The Agent Wars Are Over. The Substrate Wars Just Started
Three titan announcements in two weeks reveal what enterprise software vendors are actually fighting over in 2026, and it is not agents. If you have been tracking enterprise AI announcements through 2025, you have been watching a race about agent counts. How many prebuilt agents. How many industry-specific use cases. How many customer stories. Agents were the marketing, the demo, the SKU. A year of the same playbook. Something shifted in April 2026. Inside a two-week window, Salesforce, SAP, and ServiceNow each published an announcement that, at first glance, looks like more of the same agent theater. Salesforce launched Headless 360 at TDX 2026 and the Agentforce Experience Layer. SAP pushed a simplified-architecture argument alongside a persistent agent memory layer on BTP. ServiceNow rolled out Context Engine and, on its SPM community blog, Fred Champlain published an essay reframing governance itself as “strategic decision debt”. Different products. Different audiences. The same structural move. All three titans just walked one layer down the stack. Read individually, each announcement is a product release. Read together, they are a category shift. The competition is no longer about who has the best agent. It is about who owns the substrate those agents operate on. And each titan is staking a different piece of it. The Pattern Nobody Is Naming Strip the vendor branding from all three sets of material and the structural claim is identical: “Your agents are only as good as the layer underneath them. The data they ground on, the logic they inherit, the memory they carry, the permissions they respect, and the decisions they represent. That layer is what we...
Who’s in the driver’s seat – Human or Agent?
Oracle Cloud World is in the books, Dreamforce just wrapped up, Hubspot’s Inbound event is still on, and there is one key theme that overarches all three events. And no, it is not Larry Ellison getting all cozy with AWS (or Azure, for that matter). It is also not that his keynote was distinctly geeky, after some years of Oracle putting business solutions to the front. Or that Mark Benioff apparently tore up his keynote in the last moment. It is also not that Hubspot CEO Yamini Rangan found that the sales process is broken and that customers know more about you as you about your customer. No, the theme is … drumroll … you will have guessed it … AI agents. Oracle’s Steve Miranda talked about them at length in a line of business context, while Larry focused on IT, security, and database-oriented agents. For Salesforce, agents are even more of a topic, dubbing Dreamforce the biggest AI event and Salesforce the most successful AI CRM – both technically right but probably somewhat short selling the full value of both. For Salesforce, the next big thing is Agentforce, it’s AI Agent platform. And Hubspot announced Breeze, its AI to power the customer platform, which, you guess it, includes agents. CEO Yamani Rangan talked about marketing, sales, and service agents. Co-founder and CTO Dharmesh Shah then spent considerable time in his keynote, talking about agent.ai, Hubspots “professional network for AI agents”. What struck me watching all three keynotes – Ellison’s, Benioff’s and Shah’s – is the change from last year’s messaging to this year’s messaging. Last years it was...
The Clash of Titans – The Great 2021 Players
The year 2021 comes to an end. More than three years have gone by since the last look at the Clash of Titans, an analysis of how the then big 4.5: Microsoft, Oracle, Salesforce, SAP, and Adobe – along with some other players, are shaping the greater CRM and CX arena. A lot has changed since Thomas Wieberneit published his 2018 series that consisted of 4 articles: Platform PlayMicrosoft and SAP weigh inThe War Cry: Oracle and SalesforceThe IaaS Platform Providers It is obvious that the commoditization of the business application continues, and the vendors’ focus on the underlying platform has even increased since 2018. CRM, and enterprise software in general, has always been a platform play although this has not always been recognized and sometimes even negated. Two obvious reasons for it being a platform play is that the creation of positive customer and user experiences needs a consistent technical platform, or we end up with engagements that are fragmented across interactions. This results in inconsistent and poor experiences. The second reason is that it needs a technological platform to enable and grow a thriving ecosystem. Vinnie Mirchandani in January 2020 stated that Enterprise Software Platforms have so far underperformed. Mirchandani looked at Microsoft, SAP and Salesforce. He basically argues, without providing too many details, that the major enterprise software vendors’ platforms are all lacking ambitious goals and do not aim high enough. One of his major points is that none of these vendors has put enough emphasis in empowering, nurturing and growing their respective partner ecosystems to take advantage of the software platforms by augmenting the applications delivered by the platform vendor...